AA-12 "Adder"
| Date of Production | 1993 |
| Country of Origin | Russia |
| Proliferation: Algeria, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Peru, Russian Federation, Serbia, Sudan, Syria, Uganda, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Yemen | |
Background
The Vympelmaximum K-13current Russian R-77 medium-variety missiles (NATO reporting name: AA-212 "Atoll"AMRAAMSKI") is ajust short-range,like infrared homing air-to-air missile developed by the Soviet Union. It is similarand in appearancea andfew functionrespects identical to the American AIM-9120 SidewinderAMRAAM from which it was reverse-engineered. Although it since has been replaced by more modern missiles in frontline service, it saw widespread service in many nations. The Sidewinder was quickly reverse engineered as the K-13 (also called R-3 or Object 300) and entered limited service only two years later in 1960. This was followed by the improved K-13A (R-3S, Object 310), which entered service in 1962.missiles. The R-3S77 wasmissile has an energetic radar finder and a most variety of 90-100 kilometers (50 km more than AMRAAM) and flies at 4 times the firstvelocity versionof tosound. enterThe widespreadAA-12 production,has insquare spiteslender span wings and a one of a verykind longset seekerof settling4 timerectangular control surfaces on the orderrear. just like the configuration used at the terminal control fins of 22the seconds,SS-21 'Scarab' and SS-23 'Spider' ballistic missiles. These specific control surfaces function decreased flow separation at excessive angles of attack, producing extra aerodynamic moment force than traditional manage surfaces. The missile's steerage is inertial with mid-direction updates from the release plane, accompanied through a terminal energetic radar section from an acquisition range of approximately 20 kilometers. The Rocket was created particularly to offer the opportunity to apply practically from any aircraft equipped with way of measuring the goal coordinates (radar or optical), and the semi-energetic steerage enabled, if there are suitable skills of the radar, to set up numerous missiles on numerous targets. The R-77 missiles (the export name RVV-AE) belong to the fourth-technology air-to-air missiles. The missile is designed to destroy at all angles day and night, in one of a kind climate conditions, in opposition to the history of land and sea, below the impact of energetic radar jamming the subsequent objectives: notably maneuverable aircraft with an overload of up to 12 units, strategic bombers, helicopters and which include hover mode, missiles for numerous purposes (ground-to-air and air-to-air). Dimensions and mass of the missile, its design (small-extension wings and folding grilles) offer: the opportunity of the use of mild provider plane; massive ammunition carriage on medium and massive plane carriers; and the opportunity of conformal or internal placement. The R-77 is used withinside the armament device of MiG-29 and Su-27 warring parties of all modifications. The R-77 missile (RVV-AE) is made in the normal aerodynamic scheme (the rudders are placed at the back of the wings), with the X-fashioned and symmetrical arrangement of the wings and rudders. It includes 8 cubicles linked with the aid of wedge clamp packages. It makes use of non-detachable wings of ultra-small elongation and folded grating wheels, which may be in positions - folded (in the course of transportation and storage) or uncovered (whilst suspended below a provider plane). Each steerage wheel operates autonomously (kinematically now no longer linked with different steerage wheels) from a separate force motor. The R-seventy seven has a single-mode rocket engine with strong fuel. The aerodynamics are novel, combining vestigial cruciform wings with grid fins used as opposedtail control surfaces (similar devices are used on the OTR-23 Oka, and USAF makes use of them on MOAB). Each floor includes a metallic body containing a blade-like grid meeting which mixes a extra manage area, and for that reason lifting pressure, with decreased weight and size. The improvement for this manage idea took 3 years of theoretical paintings and testing. These surfaces require much less effective actuators than traditional fins.[citation needed] The waft separation which happens at excessive angles of assault complements its turning ability, giving the missile a maximum turn rate of as much as 150° in line with second. However, up to 11date secondseditions of the R-77, including the izdeliye a hundred and eighty this is destined for the originalSukhoi version.Su-57, will use traditional fins instead. The R-3Smissile wasmakes seenuse byof a multi-characteristic doppler-monopulse energetic radar seeker evolved through OAO Agat. The radar capabilities modes of operation, over quick distances, the Westmissile will release in 1961an andenergetic given"fire-and-forget" mode. Over longer distances the NATOmissile reportingis namemanaged AA-2Athrough 'Atoll'.an Minimuminertial engagementsteerage rangecar forpilot with occasional encoded statistics hyperlink updates from the R-3Srelease isplane's aboutradar oneon kilometer.modifications Allin K-13spatial variantsfunction areor physicallyG similarof the goal. As the missile comes inside 20 km (12 mi) of its goal, the missile switches to Sidewinder,its sharingenergetic radar mode. The host radar device keeps computed goal data in case the 5-inchgoal (127breaks mm)the diameter.missile's Subsequent examination of AA-2 missiles captured by NATO forces showed that parts from an AIM-9 could be interfaced with parts from an AA-2 and either combination would still work.lock-on.
General Characteristics
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| Maximum Speed | Mach |
| Guidance System | Inertial with mid-course update and terminal active radar homing/infrared homing (R-77T) |
| Launch Platform(s) | MiG- |
Threat Characteristics
| Rear Aspect Range | |
| Front Aspect Range | |
| Countermeasure Vulnerability | Very |
Threat Counter Tactics Discussion
The AA-2 Atoll is most dangerous when launched undetected. Counter tactics should emphasis visual lookout responsibilities and sanitization. 12
Threat Reactions
A maximum performance turn in excess of 3Gs while deploying flares has a high probability of defeating this threat.